Phosphorus Pentoxide (P₂O₅)
Phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), also known by its molecular formula P₄O₁₀, is a white, crystalline inorganic compound that serves as one of the most powerful desiccants and dehydrating agents available.
Despite its common name suggesting the formula P₂O₅, the actual molecular structure consists of P₄O₁₀ dimers.260203-ph
Key Properties
Physical Characteristics:
- Appearance: White, odorless crystalline powder or granules
- Molecular weight: 283.89 g/mol (for P₄O₁₀)
- Melting point: 340°C (sublimes at 359°C)
- Highly hygroscopic nature
Chemical Properties:
- Extremely strong affinity for water
- Reacts vigorously and exothermically with water to form phosphoric acid
- Acts as a powerful oxidizing and dehydrating agent
Primary Applications
Industrial Uses:
- Desiccant: Widely used in laboratories and industrial processes to remove moisture from gases and liquids
- Chemical synthesis: Dehydrating agent in organic chemistry reactions
- Phosphoric acid production: Raw material for manufacturing various grades of phosphoric acid
- Semiconductor industry: Used in specialized manufacturing processes
Research and Laboratory:
- Drying agent for solvents and chemicals
- Catalyst in certain organic reactions
- Analytical chemistry applications
Safety Considerations
Phosphorus pentoxide requires careful handling due to its reactive nature:
- Corrosive to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract
- Reacts violently with water, generating significant heat
- Requires storage in airtight containers away from moisture
- Personal protective equipment essential during handling
Storage and Handling
Store in tightly sealed containers in cool, dry environments, away from water sources and incompatible materials such as strong bases and reducing agents.
Phosphorus Pentoxide |
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| Product | Phosphorus Pentoxide | |
| Synonyms | Phosphorus Oxide; Phosphoric Anhydride; Phosphorus pentaoxide | |
| Formula | P2O5 | |
| CAS No. | 1314-56-3 | |
| Molecular Weight | 141.94 | |